Investment property financing

Both Sides of the Four-Unit Line.

Four units and under is financed on residential rules. Five and up is underwritten on the property itself. Most brokerages work one side. We work both, and the crossing between them.

Who this is for

From the First Rental to the Portfolio.

Whether this is your first tenant or your fifteenth, the financing question is the same one: what will a lender count, and what will the property have to carry on its own. The answer changes depending on which side of five doors you are standing on, and a lot of investors do not find that out until they are already under offer.

An investor rarely runs one sequence at a time. Usually three or four are moving at once, a refinance funding a down payment while a purchase closes and a renewal comes up. We call those decision points anchor points, and mapping them together is where we start. See the seven.

  • First rental purchases, including a suite in your own home
  • Duplex, triplex and fourplex, on residential rules
  • Refinancing what you own to fund the next down payment
  • Five-plus unit apartment buildings, on commercial underwriting
  • Mixed-use, where residential and commercial income sit in one building
  • Portfolio refinances, holding structure, and the eventual exit
The line that decides everything

Four Units and Under Is a Different World From Five.

It is the single most consequential thing to know before you make an offer, and almost nothing about it is obvious. The building can look the same from the street. The financing does not work the same way at all.

One to Four Units

Qualified on you, helped by the rent.

  • Residential rules apply. Your personal income carries the file, with rental income added in.
  • How much of the rent counts is the whole game. Some lenders add a percentage of gross rent to your income. Others net the rent against that property's costs and only the surplus helps. The spread between approaches is wide enough to decide whether a deal works.
  • A lenders for the straightforward files, with actual or stated income through the alternative side for business-for-self borrowers whose tax returns do not show what they really earn.
  • Default insurance may be available on some small rental purchases, which changes the down payment and the rate you can reach.

Five Units and Up

Qualified on the building.

  • Commercial multi-unit underwriting. The property's net operating income does the qualifying, tested by debt service coverage rather than your personal ratios.
  • CMHC-insured programs open up here and can reach materially further than conventional. Under MLI Select the coverage test can run as low as 1.10 with loan-to-value up to 95 percent and amortization stretching by points tier. CMHC standard insured sits nearer 1.30 and 85 percent. Conventional multi-unit is typically nearer 1.25 and 75 percent.
  • The document list changes completely: rent roll, leases, operating statements, and a different class of appraisal.
  • The timeline stretches. Commercial and insured files take longer than a residential approval, and starting late is the most common reason a good deal falls over.

Where the real advantage is. Plenty of brokerages are good on one side of that line. Fewer work both, and fewer still are useful in the weeks when a client is deciding which side to be on. A fourplex and a six-unit at the same price are two different financings, and the better buy is often not the one with more doors.

If you are near the line, that alone is worth a call before you write the offer. It is the cheapest conversation in the whole process.

Program parameters shown are illustrative summaries of published CMHC and lender program structures, not offers of financing and not a commitment to lend. Coverage floors, leverage caps, and amortization depend on the program, the property, and lender and CMHC review. Rental income treatment varies by lender and by file.

How we work an investor file

We Size It Both Ways Before You Commit.

On anything near the boundary we run the numbers on residential rules and on commercial underwriting, and show you the difference. That is a modelling exercise, not a rate shop, and it usually happens before you have chosen a property.

What the Rent Actually Counts For

We model your file against the range of rental income treatments in the market, because that single variable often decides the answer.

Income That Tax Returns Understate

For business-for-self borrowers, actual or stated income through the alternative side, structured so it holds up to underwriting.

The Equity in What You Own

Refinances and equity take-outs that fund the next down payment, planned against the whole portfolio rather than one property.

How You Hold It

Personal, corporate, or a holding company. Each reads differently to a lender and the choice is easier to make before the first purchase than after the fourth.

As part of TMG The Mortgage Group, we reach a broad range of residential, alternative, commercial and CMHC-approved lenders, with private and structured options to review when a file calls for it. Private is one option among many, never the default.

Run the numbers

The Tools We Use on Investor Files.

These are the ones that matter on income property. Open, no form, no email address.

Calculator

Loan Sizing and DSCR

What the income supports, and whether coverage or leverage is the binding constraint.

Size a Deal
Calculator

Cap Rate and Value

The quick sanity check before anything else.

Run a Cap Rate
Calculator

Debt Yield

The test lenders run alongside coverage, and the one that binds on aggressive deals.

Check Debt Yield
Calculator

Max Loan, DSCR and LTV

The ceiling both tests put on a single property.

Find the Ceiling
Calculator

CMHC Multifamily NOI

Build the underwritten NOI on regional benchmarks, then size against it.

Estimate NOI
Calculator

CMHC MLI Select

Which points tier a building reaches, and what that unlocks.

Estimate the Tier
Calculator

Mixed-Use Blended Sizing

When residential and commercial income sit in one building.

Blend the Sizing
Calculator

Home Equity and HELOC

How much room you have in what you already own, to fund the next one.

Check Your Equity
Common questions

Investor Financing Questions.

How Many Units Before the Rules Change?

Five. One to four units is financed as residential, using your personal income with rental income factored in. At five units and above the file moves to commercial multi-unit underwriting, where the property's own net operating income carries it. The building can look almost identical either side of that line; the financing does not work the same way at all.

How Much of the Rent Will a Lender Count?

It varies more than most people expect. Some lenders add a percentage of the gross rent to your income. Others net the rent against that property's own costs and only count the surplus. Two lenders looking at the same duplex can reach materially different answers on what you qualify for, which is why the lender choice matters as much as the rate.

I Am Self-Employed and My Tax Returns Understate My Income. Can I Still Buy a Rental?

Often yes. Alongside the A lenders there is an alternative side that works from actual or stated income for business-for-self borrowers, with the rationale documented properly rather than asserted. It usually carries a different rate and structure, so it is a trade to weigh rather than an automatic answer. We will show you both.

Should I Buy the Fourplex or the Six-Unit?

They are two different financings, and the better buy is often not the one with more doors. A fourplex is qualified largely on you; a six-unit is qualified on the building, which can open insured programs with materially better leverage and amortization but takes longer and asks for more. Worth modelling both before you write an offer.

Can I Use the Equity in My Home to Buy a Rental?

Frequently, through a refinance or a line of credit. What matters is how the new debt lands in your ratios and whether it improves or hurts your position on the next purchase after this one. We plan that across the portfolio rather than one property at a time.

Personal Name, Corporation, or Holdco?

Each reads differently to a lender and each has tax and liability consequences that are not ours to advise on. What we can tell you is how the choice affects what you can borrow and from whom, and it is far easier to set up before the first purchase than to restructure after the fourth. Speak with your accountant and lawyer on the tax and legal side.

Your anchor points

An Investor Runs Several of These at Once.

A household moves through its decisions in order. An investor rarely does. A refinance funds a down payment while a purchase closes and a renewal comes due on the property before that. We map them together, because they interact.

Mapping them is the easy half. The harder half is being reachable at the points in between. See how we map the rest of the sequence.

Not sure which of these you are standing on, or how many are running at once? Tell us where you are and we will map out the rest of your anchor points with you.

Map Yours With Us
Investment Financing Inquiry

Start a Conversation

Tell us what you own, what you are looking at, and we will tell you which side of the line it lands on.

Mortgage options are subject to lender review, credit review, property review, and supporting documentation. Submission of this form does not guarantee approval or financing.